3 Ways to Set Up Multiple Git Accounts in a Single Computer

Date

Nov 24, 2021

Before you start

Add your first GitHub Account

In this example, I’ll add my work account first, then I’ll add my personal Git account. You can follow the guide here:

Generating a new SSH key and adding it to the ssh-agent - GitHub Docs

If you don't already have an SSH key, you must generate a new SSH key to use for authentication. If you're unsure whether you already have an SSH key, you can check for existing keys. For more information, see " Checking for existing SSH keys."

https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent

I created the SSH key for my work account using ed25519 algorithm, like this:


$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "work@gmail.com"

Which creates id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub files in your ~/.ssh directory by default.

And then, copy and add the contents of the public key onto your GitHub account settings, explained by this docs:

Adding a new SSH key to your GitHub account - GitHub Docs

Before adding a new SSH key to your account on GitHub.com, you should have: After adding a new SSH key to your account on GitHub.com, you can reconfigure any local repositories to use SSH. For more information, see " Switching remote URLs from HTTPS to SSH."

https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account

Add your other GitHub Account

For this other account, you roughly need to follow the steps same as above. You should name the generated file with a different name from the first account, though.

I created the key for my personal account using other algorithm, RSA, like this:


$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "personal@gmail.com"

And then save them with other name. I chose id_rsa_personal. Don't forget to add the key into your GitHub account settings.

Now what?

So now I have two SSH keys in my computer and I have added them into GitHub:

My work GitHub account key (work@gmail.com) located at ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

My personal GitHub account key (personal@gmail.com) located at ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal

Below these section is the many options you can choose on how to use your multiple GitHub accounts.

Option 1: Switch account based on current working directory

For this option, you have to place all your work-related files in ~/Work and you need to make sure you don't need to use your work account everywhere else. You’d want to access your project everywhere else using your personal account.

Editing `.gitconfig`

We need to create separate Git config files for each account. One for work account and one for personal account:


[user]
    name = personal-account
    email = personal@gmail.com
[core]
    sshCommand = ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal -F /dev/null

~/.gitconfig.personal


[user]
    name = work-account
    email = work@gmail.com
[core]
    sshCommand = ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 -F /dev/null

~/.gitconfig.work

In your ~/.gitconfig, add something like this:


[includeIf "gitdir/i:~/"]
    path = ~/.gitconfig.personal
[includeIf "gitdir/i:~/Work/"]
	  path = ~/.gitconfig.work

~/.gitconfig

Explanation:

.gitconfig.personal and .gitconfig.work tells Git to use your configured name, email, and sshCommand to execute when authentication is required. This sshCommand adds the corresponding GitHub SSH key everytime we need authentication.

The .gitconfig tells Git to use the config file ~/.gitconfig.personal when your current working directory is on your home (~/) directory and its subfolders. It also tells Git to use the config file ~/.gitconfig.work when your current working directory is on ~/Work. gitdir/i: tells Git to read the directory name as case-insensitive.

Usage

Just cd into your work folder and your account will be switched accordingly when you use Git. See this example:


# Cloning your work account's private repo on home will NOT work
# As Git will use your personal account's key in this directory

(~/) $ git clone ssh://git@github.com/work-account/work-private-repo
Cloning into 'work-private-repo'...
ERROR: Repository not found.
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
...

# Cloning your work account's private repo on ~/Works WILL work
# As Git will use your work account's key in this directory

(~/) $ cd ~/Works
(~/Works) $ git clone ssh://git@github.com/work-account/work-private-repo
Cloning into 'work-private-repo'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 187, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (187/187), done.
...

Similarly, if you want to clone a private repo from your personal GitHub account, it will only work if you're on a directory outside of ~/Works. Easy right?

Pros

Probably this is the best option for you if you separate your work and personal project files

Cons

Your account only works on your specified directory. Less “flexibility”

Doesn't work well if your work and personal files are messy and scattered everywhere. But c'mon, just tidy it up!

Option 2: Switch Git account based on custom host

SSH config

Open the file ~/.ssh/config and edit it to be like this:


Host github.com-personal
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal
  HostName github.com
  PreferredAuthentications publickey
  UseKeychain yes
  AddKeysToAgent yes

Host github.com-work
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
  HostName github.com
  PreferredAuthentications publickey
  UseKeychain yes
  AddKeysToAgent yes

~/.ssh/config

Here, we can see the two identity files we created before, under two different hosts. Which means:

When accessing github.com-personal, use the key ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal

Otherwise, when accessing github.com-work, use the key ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Add the key to the SSH agent if it's not added yet

After doing so, resolve the actual host github.com

Git will use different SSH files automatically when you use the corresponding host. You can also add a fallback using Host *. Let's say I want to use my personal GitHub account when the URL requested is neither github.com-work nor github.com-personal, just add this section:


Host *
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal
  HostName github.com
  PreferredAuthentications publickey
  UseKeychain yes
  AddKeysToAgent yes

SSH config for fallback (wildcard host)

Usage

When you want to use your personal account:


$ git clone ssh://git@github.com-personal/personal-account/personal-private-repo

Cloning using personal account

Similarly, if you want to use your work account, do this:


$ git clone ssh://git@github.com-work/work-account/work-private-repo

Cloning using work account

You will also need to update your origin URLs in your existing repos to use them with your preferred account, like this:


# Change the 'origin' remote's URL
$ git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com-personal/personal-account/personal-private-repo

# Now it will automatically use your personal account when doing actions in the local repo
$ git remote -v
origin	ssh://git@github.com-personal/personal-account/personal-private-repo (fetch)
origin	ssh://git@github.com-personal/personal-account/personal-private-repo (push)

Changing remote url

Pros

Can be configured per-repository folder

Cons

Well, you'll have to change all of your repo's remote URLs to use one of the configured host

Might accidentally use the wrong account if you forgot to change the host

Option 3: Manually switch account using command line alias

Note that this option will only work if you have done the steps explained in Option 2 above. If you're not a fan of the options above and just want a really, really simple way to switch account whenever you want it, you can make an alias in your shell to do this.

In your .bashrc or .zshrc or whatever your shell's config file is, you can add these line:


alias use-personal-git="ssh-add -D && ssh-add -K ~/.ssh/id_rsa_personal &>/dev/null && ssh -T git@github.com-personal"
alias use-work-git="ssh-add -D && ssh-add -K ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 &>/dev/null && ssh -T git@github.com-office"

.zshrc

Basically we remove all SSH keys and then add the corresponding GitHub SSH key that we want everytime we want to use that account. Then, we call ssh -T to make sure the account can be used.

Usage

I think it's self-explanatory already. If you want to use your personal account, you run this:


$ use-personal-git
All identities removed.
Hi personal-account! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

Using personal account

Similarly, if you want to use your work account, do this:


$ use-work-git
All identities removed.
Hi work-account! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

Using work account

Pros

Pretty straightforward

You use the selected account only when you need it

Cons

Since this also needs #2 to be configured, why not just use #2? Or even better, #1?

Conclusion

So those are 3 ways you can choose to use multiple Git accounts in a single computer. I hope it can be helpful for newcomers or even experts who need to use two or more accounts in one machine.

I’m not really doing something new here. I actually compiled this article after reading a bunch of Stackoverflow questions and other people’s blog posts.

Git is already >15 years old now. It’s annoying that things as simple as account switching is not possible without “hacks”. I hope 5 years from now this post will become obsolete 🙂

Before you start

Add your first GitHub Account

Add your other GitHub Account

Now what?

Option 1: Switch account based on current working directory

Editing .gitconfig

Usage

Pros

Cons

Option 2: Switch Git account based on custom host

SSH config

Usage

Pros

Cons

Option 3: Manually switch account using command line alias

Usage

Pros

Cons

Conclusion

Editing `.gitconfig`